Senior dementia is a common problem occurring in older dogs just as it does in aging humans. Similar to Alzheimer's in people, dementia in dogs is a degenerative brain condition that causes altered behaviors and memory loss. Helping Our Senior Dogs Age Gracefully. VCA Animal Hospital.  These progressive changes affect the quality of life for both dogs and their owners. There is no cure for dementia, but owners may be able to lessen the negative effects and help their dogs live happily for a little while longer. What Is Senior Dementia? Senior dementia, formally known as canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS), is a collection of symptoms resulting from progressive brain degeneration that causes changes in a dog's mood, behavior, and memory. The Behavior Clinic at the University of California at Davis states that 28% of dogs aged 11 to 12 years display signs of dementia and that likelihood increases to 68% of dogs when they reach ages 15 or 16.2 Symptoms of Senior Dementia in Dogs Dementia negatively affects the everyday life of a senior dog and is commonly seen to varying degrees as dogs age. Some symptoms may appear and worsen gradually as the dog ages, or they may occur more suddenly and be more drastic. Irregular sleeping patterns, repetitive behaviors such as licking and pacing, a decrease in appetite, and not wanting to interact with other pets or their owners can be signs of senior dementia in dogs. These behaviors can strain relationships owners have with their dogs. The most common signs of senior dementia can be remembered with the commonly used acronym DISHA: disorientation, interaction changes, sleep changes, house soiling, and activity level changes. Symptoms Soiling in the house Getting lost in the house/disorientation Barking without reason Going to the wrong side of the door Lack of interaction with people or other pets Decrease or lack of appetite Lower threshold for aggressive behavior Anxiety Irregular sleeping patterns Staring at the walls Pacing/repetitive behaviors Loss of House Training One of the biggest concerns that dog owners have is the loss of house training. As some dogs develop senior dementia they get confused and may start urinating or defecating in the house. This causes frustration for the owner who may in return get upset with their pet. This affects the human-animal bond and ultimately the quality of life of both the pet and the owner. Disorientation Other signs of confusion due to senior dementia include disorientation in the home, staring at walls, and going to the hinged side of a door when the dog has known for years which side of the door opens to go through it. Senior dementia can cause a dog who has known its home environment for its entire lifetime to suddenly get lost in rooms or corners of its house. Vocalization Without Reason Vocalizations, including barking, whining, and crying for no apparent reason, are also common in dogs with senior dementia. This may be an indication of stress, fear, or anxiety due to confusion; they may also show aggression. Aggressive Behavior Aggressive behaviors may be more common in dogs with dementia due to their lowered threshold of tolerance and patience. Normally patient and willing dogs may suddenly growl or bite at familiar people and pets. What Causes Senior Dementia in Dogs? No one completely understands the complex causes of dementia in dogs or humans. The symptoms of dementia are a result of changes or damage in the brain, but different manifestations of dementia may arise from different brain issues. Sometimes, certain proteins accumulate in the brain around neurons, causing cognitive decline. The breakdown of neurons is another age-related factor in disrupting the normal transmission of information in the brain. How Do Vets Diagnose Senior Dementia in Dogs? Your veterinarian will rule out other medical issues, such as tumors or diseases, before diagnosing your dog's dementia.3 Sometimes, a questionnaire will be used to pinpoint behavioral signs that are common in this condition, so your careful attention to signs of dementia will be vital in achieving a diagnosis. The Quality of Life Scale, or HHHHHMM Scale, is often used to aid owners in determining whether or not their dog has changed as it ages. This scale goes through the signs of dementia and includes a review of the dog's behaviors. Hurt, Hunger, Hydration, Hygiene, Happiness, Mobility, and More good days than bad are assessed on the HHHHHMM scale. This scale helps an owner decide whether or not a pet's quality of life is still good as dementia progresses and may also help an owner decide when euthanasia should be considered. Treatment & Prevention There is, unfortunately, no way to reverse the signs of dementia in dogs but there are some nutritional aids that can be administered to help potentially delay brain changes as a dog ages.3 Antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin E, and medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are the main dietary components that are often discussed for brain health. Other supplements used to support brain health and manage symptoms of dementia are SAMe, Denamarin, Silybin, and Cholidin.4 Some experts recommend supplementing dogs' diets before they begin to show signs of senior dementia, but there is little evidence that this works as a fully preventative regimen. If you are concerned with CDS developing in your senior dog, talk with your veterinarian about possible preventative supplements. Prognosis for Dogs with Senior Dementia Dementia is a progressive condition that can, at best, be stabilized for a period of time. No matter how supportive owners are or how diligent they are in providing brain-healthy supplements, the process of aging will further deteriorate their dogs' brains. Once dementia becomes severe and negatively impacts the quality of life, most owners will have to make the difficult decision to euthanize their dogs.

Cat fleas are tiny parasites that feed on the blood and cause itching and irritation. Heavy flea infestations and allergic reactions to flea bites can lead to hair loss and open wounds. Worse yet, cat fleas can transmit dangerous diseases to cats and humans. Here's what you need to know about fleas and your cat, including detection, treatment, and prevention. What Are Fleas? Fleas are tiny parasitic insects that eat the blood of mammals and birds. While there are over 2,200 species of fleas, the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis felis, is the species that most commonly affects cats and dogs. Their flat bodies and strong legs make it easy for fleas to jump on a host and crawl through the fur, feeding on the host's blood along the way.1 Flea Life Cycle An adult female flea can lay 20 or more eggs per day. When eggs hatch, the larvae feed on flea excrement on the cat and in the environment for several days. They then form a protective cocoon and enter the pupal stage, where they'll mature until they emerge as adults. Flea pupae are hardy and can resist insecticides; they can remain dormant in the environment for days, weeks, or even months until a suitable host is available. What Types of Diseases Can Fleas Transmit? Fleas are known to carry several pathogens, some of which can affect both cats and humans:3 Tapeworms are intestinal parasites that cats can get from ingesting fleas, but they rarely affect people. Cat scratch disease is an infection caused by the bacteria Bartonella henselae. Cats don't typically get sick from this, but they can transmit the bacteria to humans through a scratch or bite. Plague is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, carried by rodent fleas. Cats are not ideal hosts for these fleas, but it's still possible for them to transmit plague to you or your cat. Flea-borne (murine) typhus is caused by the bacteria Rickettsia spp., which can be found in cat fleas. Little is known about its effect on cats, but it can cause illness in humans.2 Symptoms of Fleas in Cats Fleas don't always cause obvious signs in cats, but itching and skin irritation will develop when a cat is allergic or sensitive to flea saliva. Common signs of fleas on cats include: Scratching Excessive grooming Red bites or scabs Hair loss Flea dirt (excrement that looks like black specks) on the skin, fur, or bedding Skin infection If you observe your cat scratching and aren't sure if fleas are the cause, you can use your fingers or a flea comb to look for scurrying fleas or flea dirt in the cat's fur, especially around the head, neck, and base of the tail. If you do not see fleas or flea dirt, it does not necessarily mean your cat is flea-free. Some cats will ingest fleas and flea dirt while grooming, making it difficult to spot the signs of a flea infestation. In addition to skin irritation, cats can contract flea-borne illnesses or suffer anemia from blood loss. Flea anemia is more common in kittens with large numbers of fleas. What Causes Fleas on Cats? Outdoor cats encounter fleas in the environment, and because they are natural hosts for these parasites, they collect them during normal activity. Indoor cats can attract fleas that have hitched a ride into the home on other pets or people. Certain factors may increase the odds of a cat attracting fleas, including: Moist, wooded surroundings Long grass Indoor flea infestation (carpets, bedding) Neighboring flea problems (especially in apartment complexes) Moving to a new home that previously had fleas (pupae may suddenly emerge and infest) How Do Vets Diagnose Flea Infestations? Fleas are typically diagnosed by sight. A veterinarian will part a cat's fur to look for adult fleas or flea dirt. If a cat has a very low number of fleas, other issues like the presence of tapeworm segments in a cat's stool will alert the veterinarian that fleas are present. How to Treat Cats With Fleas First, realize that treating fleas requires a comprehensive approach. You must address all flea life stages as well as the environment. You can try to eliminate as many fleas as you can from your cat by combing through the fur with a flea comb or bathing your cat. Bathing can help remove adult fleas and flea dirt but don’t force it if your cat refuses. If using a flea comb, deposit the fleas in soapy water so they don't escape back into the environment. Most importantly, consult your veterinarian to determine the best and safest flea control product for your cat. Several oral and topical flea control products are on the market and new products come out regularly. A flea infestation can be a challenge to manage because complete eradication requires a multifaceted approach: All household pets need to be treated with an effective flea control product. The home environment must also be treated for fleas. It can take several months of treatment (both on the cat and in the home) to get rid of a flea infestation. Stopping treatments too soon will likely cause fleas to rapidly reemerge. How Do You Get Rid of Fleas at Home? As part of the flea treatment process, you must remove fleas and their eggs from your home to prevent reinfestation. To do this effectively, you will need to: Wash all bedding thoroughly in hot water if possible. While the bedding is free of coverings, vacuum the mattress, particularly in crevices where eggs can settle. Vacuum carpeting daily and dispose of used vacuum bags. Steam-clean carpeting to kill any remaining eggs. In some cases, you may need to hire a professional exterminator. Be sure to discuss the products they use to ensure that they are pet-safe. Prognosis for Cats with Fleas Once your flea problem is in check, cats will generally recover well as their itchiness subsides, wounds heal, and hair regrows. If a cat has suffered a longstanding or particularly severe case of fleas, they may be anemic or carry a flea-borne disease that also requires treatment to achieve full recovery. How to Prevent Cat Fleas To keep fleas away, your cat should be treated with a vet-approved flea control product all year long. Most flea preventatives are labeled for once-monthly use. Although flea issues can be more severe in the warmer months, most vets recommend year-round prevention, especially if your cat has had fleas once before. The concern for diseases may warrant year-round prevention as well. If you have multiple dogs or cats in your home, they must be all on prevention. Due to the life cycle and longevity of fleas, you'll never be able to get rid of your flea problem in your home if you leave one of your pets unprotected. Are Fleas Contagious to Other Animals? Fleas will happily leap from one animal to another, infesting all of the warm-blooded creatures in a household. While they aren't able to reside on humans as easily as furry pets, they will bite people and cause itching. Many flea-borne diseases can be transmitted from fleas to cats, dogs, humans, and other pets in a household, such as ferrets or birds.

Cats who are a healthy weight are happier, more agile, and tend to live longer. Obesity, which is generally viewed as 20 percent or more above normal weight, is the most frequently observed nutritional disorder in domestic cats and, in many cases, this is preventable!  Why Is a Healthy Weight Important for Your Cat? Obesity can result in a reduced quality of life. Overweight cats tend to physically interact less with their families and are often less energetic, less playful, and more lethargic. They can also have an increased risk of developing a number of serious health conditions, including those listed below. Arthritis (the increased weight can place an excessive burden on joints, tendons, and ligaments). Urinary disease Kidney disease Heart disease Chronic inflammation  High blood pressure (placing an added burden on the heart) Diabetes (as the body’s requirements for insulin exceed the body’s ability to produce or use it) Difficulty breathing (fat in the chest and abdomen can restrict the ability of the lungs to expand) Decreased immune function Constipation and flatulence Skin infections Some cancers have even been associated with obesity Causes of Cat Obesity  Similar to humans, there are a variety of causes and contributing factors to obesity in cats, it isn't always as simple as just overfeeding. It’s important to identify if there are potential underlying medical causes for obesity prior to beginning a weight loss program. Some of the common causes of obesity in cats can include one or more of the following: Overfeeding Genetics Sedentary activity level/lack of exercise Spaying or neutering Unhealthy feeding habits Hypothyroidism  Some medications Cushing’s disease Diabetes Stress  Pain How To Help Your Cat Lose Weight Managing a weight loss programme for a cat usually involves a multifaceted approach, typically in conjunction with veterinary professionals. A healthy plan won't offer any quick fixes and it will involve you adjusting routines in and around the house to best support your cat. Some of the top tips for helping your cat to shed the pounds are detailed below. 1. Rule Out Underlying Medical Conditions The most important aspect of any weight loss journey is to first establish if there are any underlying medical conditions that could be contributing to your cat's weight gain. Ruling out, identifying, and treating problems associated with weight gain is paramount. 2. Listen to Your Vet's Advice If you haven't noticed your cat putting on a few pounds here and there, don't take offence if, at their annual exam, your vet comments that they could do with shedding a few pounds. Your vet knows what they are talking about and you should heed their advice. If no underlying causes for your cat's weight gain are apparent, your vet will typically recommend an overall suggested weight loss to work towards gradually. In extreme cases, they may recommend a special prescription weight-loss diet. Regular weigh-ins at their clinic to monitor progress may also be suggested. 3. Consider What You Are Feeding Your Cat The quality of over-the-counter cat foods varies dramatically. Some can have unnecessary added sugars, others are particularly high in fat. Canned food is lower in calories than dry kibble, contains a large amount of water, is easier for your cat to digest, and many cats enjoy it.  Some owners choose to switch to feeding a larger proportion of wet food in comparison to dry as part of the programme. There are also over-the-counter weight-loss diets available in pet stores. These are not designed to have a miraculous effect and measuring of quantities is still required, but they can help in a small way. Take a look at what you are currently feeding your cat and make a gradual change over if you discover it is not as healthy as you thought. Your vet or a qualified pet nutritionist can offer additional advice if needed. 4. Measure Out Your Cat's Daily Food Allowance A very common cause of cats being overweight is simply them being overfed. A great starting point is to begin by measuring their daily portions with a cup or scales.  Transition away from free feeding, which is leaving food out all the time, and gradually move towards scheduled feedings. When there’s a bottomless bowl of food you have no way of monitoring how much each cat is eating. It may seem convenient at first, but it is a leading cause of obesity.   As you make the transition away from free-feeding start by doing more frequent, scheduled, smaller meals and making a big announcement when it’s mealtime so the kitties can get used to the new routine. You could also consider using an automatic feeder that dispenses a measured amount of food at pre-programmed times. Creating individual feeding stations for your cats can be helpful as well. Cats are not big fans of eating together, can have resource guarding issues, and mealtime should not be a stressful experience. 5. Plan Daily Play Sessions for Increased Exercise In addition to monitoring calorie intake and providing quality nutrition, exercise is crucial to a healthy weight for your cat. There are lots of options, such as cat exercise wheels, for encouraging your cat to exercise—even if they don't venture outdoors. Exercising their prey drive with interactive play is a crucial part of your cat’s development and contributes greatly to their quality of life. It is also a wonderful way to exercise your cats. Scheduled playtimes occur within the same hour or two every day and provide your cat with structure and a consistent schedule. It is a good idea to have a variety of interactive toys available at all times, and some that are kept specially for play sessions. Having two or three wand or mouse on a string toys that only come out during these times will help to keep them novel and fun. These are great for simulating prey and help tap into your cat's natural drives. It's really important to let your cat "catch" their prey during the play session. Otherwise, they will get frustrated and either stop playing with you or act out in response to her unfulfilled urges. If you play with a laser pointer, be sure to have some kitty play sessions with a toy she can catch, too. 6. Use Puzzle Toys and Feeders Puzzle feeders help to slow down greedy eaters, prevent boredom, and can provide additional exercise. They allow cats to eat more instinctively by allowing them to forage and “hunt” for their food. There are various food dispensing toys for cats that you can purchase, and you can even make your own. Start with an easy puzzle and work up to more difficult types based on your individual cat’s preference.  Some easy DIY puzzle feeding options include: Paper bags: put catnip, catnip covered toy mice, treats or pieces of dry kibble inside a lunch bag. Your cat can explore, pounce, and kill (destroy the bag) It’s a great hiding space and a fun toy all at the same time. Paper towel roll inners: cut a paper towel roll in half, fold in the ends and cut a few small to large holes. You can then place dry food or low-fat treats inside. As your cat begins to use these more, cut smaller holes to make it more of a challenge. Water bottles: Take empty water bottles, remove the wrapper, cut a few small to large holes and add some treats. You can leave the lid on or off for increasing difficulty for this DIY puzzle toy·       7. Regularly Assess Progress Keep a written log of food intake (including all treats), exercise, and weekly weight. Weigh your cat on the same scale at the same time of day every week. It is sometimes helpful to plot out this information (dates and weights) on a graph. Remember, you may hit 'plateaus' in which your cat seems stuck at a certain weight. This is common. Do not despair, but continue with the weight reduction program, making sure no one in the household is 'cheating.' Typical minimum weight loss per month for a healthy adult act is 0.5-lbs. Ideally, your cat will lose close to one pound per month. Some cats may need to go slower, while others may shed the pounds more quickly.  8. Don't Give In to Begging Changes should be gradual and at a pace your cat is comfortable with, but sometimes feeding a little less can cause your cat to vocalize and perform other attention-seeking behaviors to beg for food. Providing you are following the weight loss programme properly, your cat has access to plenty of fresh water, and there are no underlying health issues, then it is important not to cave in. Remember you are doing this to, ultimately, improve your cat's overall health and quality of life.

           An incident of feline asthma may initially be dismissed as simply another hairball or a little of food traveling down the "wrong pipe." Coughing on a regular basis, on the other hand, is likely to draw the notice of the owner. Asthma can cause a cat to cough and then appear normal, but it is a degenerative disorder that must be treated. A veterinarian should check a coughing cat to evaluate the problem and ensure that it is treated appropriately. What Is Asthma?      Cat asthma is an allergen-driven respiratory disease that causes breathing difficulties, much like human asthma. When a cat inhales an allergen, their immune systems may overreact. The immune response that follows results in an overabundance of chemicals being produced in the blood, which leads to severe airway inflammation. Symptoms of Asthma in Cats      Early asthma symptoms may be difficult to detect and severe attacks may be infrequent, making them easy to dismiss as hairballs. Over time, symptoms tend to become more prevalent and noticeable. Symptoms Wheezing Tiring easily Coughing/choking sounds Gagging      One of the symptoms that distinguishes cat asthma from hairballs or other physical obstructions is a slight wheezing sound when the cat breathes, which may be more noticeable after vigorous play or running.      Swollen and inflamed airways secrete excess mucus, which narrows, making it difficult for the cat to breathe. The cat rapidly becomes fatigued due to reduced oxygen supply.      During a full-blown asthma attack, the cat curls up on the floor and stretches its neck and head to help clear mucus from the airways. The cat may swallow, sneeze, cough or even vomit. Cats may or may not expel frothy mucus.      Asthma attacks can be fatal, and your cat must be taken to the vet immediately. Even if your cat shows only one or two early symptoms, it should be examined. Once a diagnosis has been made, there are a number of steps you can take to help your cat. Causes of Asthma Many of the same allergens responsible for human asthma attacks can also trigger feline asthma attacks, including: Cigarette smoke Mildew or mold Household chemicals Dust Pollen Cat litter particulates      Stress can either cause or exacerbate a feline asthma attack. For that reason, you should always try to remain as calm as possible when your cat suffers an attack. Diagnosing Asthma in Cats Veterinarians use a variety of diagnostic tests to diagnose asthma in cats. The most common diagnostic tools include: Blood Tests: A series of blood tests can help your veterinarian assess your cat's overall health, rule out other diseases, and determine if inflammation is present in your cat's body. Chest X-ray: This diagnostic method, also known as a chest x-ray, helps your veterinarian look for abnormalities in the lungs, such as areas of chronic inflammation or abnormal fluid buildup. Sometimes cats with asthma will see a bright branching pattern on the x-ray. This indicates an accumulation of inflammatory cells in the airways. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL): Under general anesthesia, a tracheal tube is inserted into the cat's airway. This allows the veterinarian to take a sample of fluid directly from the cat's airways. In addition to asthma, BAL can be used to diagnose other diseases of the lungs.The disadvantage of BAL is that it requires general anesthesia and is therefore not recommended for cats with severe respiratory distress or disease. Treatment      The basic and most common management strategies for feline asthma include a steroid to help reduce inflammation within the airways and a bronchodilator to keep the airways open so that the cat can more easily breathe.      Sometimes these medications are given orally, but another form of administration is with a metered-dose inhaler, such as Flovent, given through a special mask. The Aerokat Feline Aerosol Chamber was developed for this purpose. The advantage of aerosol steroid administration over pills and injections is that it goes directly into the lungs, rather than throughout the body, thus creating fewer side effects.      If your cat is having more severe attacks than you consider normal, visit your veterinarian for re-evaluation and possible adjustment of medications. Prognosis for Cats With Asthma      Feline asthma is a chronic, progressive disease with no cure. Your veterinarian will work to develop an ongoing medication management plan to keep your cat as comfortable as possible for its lifetime.      Once your cat is diagnosed with feline asthma, you have several options for lifestyle changes that can help reduce recurring asthma attacks, depending on the severity of the case. The first and most obvious thing you'll need to do is to try to eliminate the environmental allergens that are causing respiratory distress in your cat.      As with most feline health issues, the key to successful management of feline asthma is to know your cat well, keep your eyes and ears open for changes in the breathing, give medications as prescribed, and get veterinary care when indicated, either routine checkups or emergency intervention. How to Prevent Asthma A cat can become asthmatic if it lives in an environment with allergens that trigger its immune system to overreact. To reduce the risk of your cat developing asthma, take these preventative measures: Reduce smoking: If you smoke, you'll need to do it outdoors in the future. Better yet, consider quitting, for your health and for all the creatures who share your home. Eliminate mold and mildew: Conduct a deep cleaning. Although it may sound contraindicated, a steam cleaner does a good job of cleaning mold and other allergens from solid surfaces such as tile floors, shower enclosures, and walls. Professional services are indicated for cleaning central air ducts. Curtail dust and dust mites: Frequent vacuuming can help reduce dust and mites. Although expensive, HEPA air purifiers are excellent for removing both dust mites and mold spores from the air. Consider a room purifier in the room your cat most frequently occupies. A HEPA purifier will also help during the pollen season. Edit household chemicals: Use environmentally friendly cleaning products for your cats' benefit, your health, and your home environment. Ideally, refrain from using air fresheners and potpourris, scented laundry detergents, and perfumes that can cause respiratory issues in sensitive cats.2 Change cat litter: Because of the dust that rises from clay litters, most of them are not good for asthmatic cats. 3 Consider using wood or paper-based cat litter without added fragrance. Remember that cats are often fussy about litter changes, so introduce the new litter gradually. If you suspect your pet is sick, call your veterinarian immediately. Always consult with your veterinarian about health concerns, as they have examined your pet, know his or her health history, and can make the best recommendations for your pet.  

     Although some people avoid cats because they fear or dislike them, there is some hope for those who avoid cats because of fear of allergic reactions. A lot will depend on the nature of your allergies. If yours are of the sneezing, watery eyes, and running nose variety, you may be able to slowly and gradually build up your tolerance to cats.      However, before getting a cat, you should undergo allergy testing first, particularly if you suffer from asthma. For example, about 30 percent of people with allergies are allergic to cats and dogs, but studies show the rate of cat allergies is actually far higher than that.      Here are tips to help you gain control over your cat allergy symptoms while enjoying the lifelong companionship of a feline. Cat Allergy Symptoms       It's tough to miss cat allergy symptoms. They tend to happen whenever there's a feline nearby or you've encountered some cat hair lingering on furniture. Your body's immune system is reacting to the proteins that are found in a cat's urine, saliva, or dander. Here is a list of typical cat allergy symptoms you may experience: Sneezing Coughing Wheezing Skin rash Nasal congestion Trouble breathing Runny/stuffed nose Itchy, red, watery eyes Rid Your Home of Other Allergens      If you're considering bringing a new pet into your home, first rid your home of as many other allergens as possible, including mites, dust, and mold. Most airborne allergens (including cat dander) cling to soft material such as curtains and drapes, upholstery, and floor coverings. Here are common ways to clear your home of allergens: Substitute blinds for window coverings. If you rent, and can't get permission to switch them, keep the curtains washed and frequently vacuum the drapes. If possible, replace overstuffed upholstered furniture with leather. Eliminate decorative scented candles, potpourri, and plug-in air fresheners, all of which can exacerbate allergy symptoms. Consider replacing wall-to-wall carpeting with wood or tile floors. Otherwise, thoroughly vacuum carpeting regularly. Consider Allergy Medication      Medication is often the first thing people consider when dealing with a cat allergy. Over-the-counter or prescription medication, natural remedies such as BioAllers, or a series of allergy shots (immunotherapy) are all worth investigating. Keep in mind that you should always check with your physician or allergist before embarking on a new treatment. Visit Friends With Cats      Choose to visit a friend with an outgoing cat to allow you to get up close and personal with a feline, but on a limited basis. Ask your friend to choose a time when the cat is fed, comfortable, and relaxed. Ask your friend permission to use an allergy relief spray or wipes on the cat if necessary while you're visiting.       Use your allergy medication half an hour before the arranged time. When you arrive, let the cat set the pace. You may be greeted by being sniffed at your feet and legs at first. You can dangle your hand to see if the cat rubs up against it, which can indicate petting is acceptable. If your allergies are still under control, you might allow the cat to jump onto your lap. Make your visit about 15 minutes at the most to keep both you and the cat comfortable.      In another week or two, visit again with the same cat, and stay longer, up to half an hour. Begin to branch out and visit other friends with cats.   Consider Hypoallergenic Breeds      There are a few breeds of cats considered to be hypoallergenic, or at least helpful to those with allergies, including the following breeds: Sphynx: These cats have very fine, sparse hair. Rex: Certain rex breeds, like the Devon Rex have fine, wavy or curly hair that may not trap dander the way thicker coats do. Siberian: These cats lack the Fel d 1 protein in their saliva that becomes dander after grooming, a characteristic that may be good for those with allergies.      To find out more information about these specific breeds, see if there's a local cat show you can attend where you can observe them. Many cat breed clubs hold shows highlighting individual breeds. Visit Your Local Animal Shelter      Once you feel that your allergies are under control, consider adoption. Here's how to navigate a trip to your local animal shelter or a cat adoption event. Dress in comfortable, casual clothes. Remember to take any allergy medications beforehand. Prepare to spend an hour or so at the shelter or event. Take a few cats, one at a time, into a private room, if available, and spend some time with each one.      It's often been said that cats usually chose their humans, so let a cat's actions guide you in your choice. You may need to visit the shelter several times before you find the cat that fits your lifestyle.      Make sure your home is completely prepared for a new pet. Once you have made your choice, talk to the personnel, tell them about your allergies, and ask if the cat may be returned, as a last resort, if your allergies are aggravated once you bring the pet home. Try to restrict your new cat from going into your bedroom so you can sleep free of even the faintest of allergy symptoms.      Once you get your cat home, consider feeding a specific allergen-reducing cat food called Pro Plan LiveClear. This diet has been scientifically proven to decrease the Fel d 1 allergen in cat dander. Also, routine wiping of your cat's fur with baby wipes or damp cloths will also help decrease dander spreading.      Cats are amazing creatures and hopefully, with advancements in allergy medications, feline diet control and routine coat maintenance, you can enjoy a feline friend even with allergies.  

Just as with humans, there are a number of things you can learn by looking into your cat's eyes. A cat's pupils should normally be the same size. A change in the size of the pupil in one eye can indicate a number of conditions, ranging from mild to serious. These include: Inflammation of the eye Horner's syndrome (a neurological disorder) FeLV (may cause pupillary spasms) Tumors Central nervous system injury The "Third Eyelid" Cats have an inner third eyelid, called a nictitating membrane, which protects the eye from dryness and/or damage. When a cat is sick, the third eyelid will partially close over their eyes. This is a signal to get him to the vet immediately. Curiously enough, a very happy cat will also show that nictating membrane. Moody Eyes "Like many other physical characteristics of the cat, his moods are reflected by his eyes," writes the owner of "What Makes Cats Work." "Pupil size changes are the clue: an angry cat will have narrowed pupils, while an excited or frightened cat will have eyes wide open, with large pupils. A mellow, happy cat's eyes will sometimes appear a shade darker than normal. I can't explain this one; it's just an observation." Diseases and Conditions of the Eye Cats are subject to a number of the same conditions we sometimes have, including cataracts, glaucoma, and conjunctivitis (pinkeye). The latter, if caused by the chlamydia bacteria, can be contagious to humans. Since cats' eyes are so important to their general welfare, it is crucial that you take your cat to a veterinarian at the first sign of trouble. Many conditions can be treated easily if caught in time but can lead to months of veterinary expense and possibly even blindness, if ignored. Cats' Night Vision Cats' nocturnal vision is far superior to that of humans. While they can't see in total darkness, they can see with only one-sixth of the illumination we need to see. In the feline, the muscles of the iris surrounding the pupils are constructed in a way that allows the eye to narrow to a vertical slit in bright light and to open fully in very dim light to allow maximum illumination. In addition, a reflective layer behind the cat's retina, called the tapetum lucidum, reflects incoming light and bounces it back off the cones, making more use of the existing light. The tapetum is probably responsible for the shiny green orbs you see when a small amount of light hits a cat's eyes at night. These special feline features have probably developed for survival purposes, as wild cats are nocturnal and do much of their hunting at night. Testing Cats' Eyes to Help Humans In 2000, a team of scientists at the University of California in Berkeley used cats to learn more about human vision. During the controversial experiment, the team, led by Yang Dan, assistant professor of molecular and cell biology, anesthetized the cats and then implanted electrodes into their brains and showed them images. They were able to record the cats' responses to light and dark and using a mathematical equation, they converted the signals into images. Since cats' eyes are so similar to humans, the team hoped to answer a number of questions about how the eye and the brain work together to capture, encode, and reassemble images. Cats Eye Trivia Cats cannot see directly beneath their noses. You can test this by offering your kitty a treat. He can smell it, but if you drop it directly beneath his nose, he'll have to root around a bit before finding it. Rumors aside, cats are not color blind. Their ability to see color is not as enhanced as ours, but they can see some colors. If normal human vision is 20/20, then that of the cat is 20/100. It has keen vision for objects far away, but things up close may appear fuzzy or blurred. Perhaps this is why cats do the sniff test when greeting friends. Most white, blue-eyed cats are deaf. A white cat with odd eyes (one blue and one green or gold) will most often be deaf on the side with the blue eye. Cats "kiss" with their eyes. Of course, a nip on the nose is also their way of giving a kiss. If you want to show your cat you love him, give it a kitty kiss right back. Not on the nose. Just give it that long stare and slow blink and see what happens. If you suspect your pet is sick, call your vet immediately. For health-related questions, always consult your veterinarian, as they have examined your pet, know the pet's health history, and can make the best recommendations for your pet.

           The all-important first six weeks in a cat's life will do much in determining its personality and character for the rest of his life. This period is extremely important for the health of the developing kitten.      Very young kittens are susceptible to several serious threats, such as parasites and upper respiratory infections (URI), which when combined with other problems can lead to fading kitten syndrome (FKS), a serious and often fatal condition. FKS is more often found with litters of stray and feral cats, so if you are in a kitten foster situation, those kittens should be kept away from other cats in the home until they have all been checked clear of communicable diseases.      Kittens will probably never grow again at the remarkable rate they accomplish during this period, and seeing the changes in their development from week to week is an incredible experience. What to Do After Your Cat Gives Birth Week 1 In the first week, your newborn kitten is a tiny food processing factory. Here is what to expect: The kitten will be concentrating on feeding and growth. It will double its birth weight this week. Other physical changes are taking place which will become more apparent soon. Week 2 Your kitten is continuing his growth at an astonishing rate, by at least 10 grams per day. These changes also occur: Its eyes will start to open and will be completely open at 9 to 14 days old. All kittens' eyes are blue and will remain so for several weeks. Vision will be blurred at first. As a kitten's pupils don't dilate and contract readily, protect your kitten from bright lights. The kitten's sense of smell is developing, and it will even hiss at unfamiliar odors. You may be able to determine the sex of the kittens by this time. Don't be too sure though; even veterinarians sometimes make mistakes this early. Week 3 The kitten has many changes: Ear canals will be completely open. Kittens can voluntarily eliminate now, as the digestive system is developing. They will start to socialize now with each other and with people and will want to explore their surroundings a bit. Week 4 Coming up on a month, the kitten shows these characteristics: Depth perception has developed. The sense of smell is fully developed. Baby teeth will start to show. Kittens are learning to walk without stumbling. They will interact more with their littermates, even to the point of forming "alliances" which may or may not be gender-based. Week 5 After a month the kitten graduates to new experiences: Kittens may be introduced to canned kitten food at this time. Select a quality brand of canned kitten food with a named meat source as the first ingredient (chicken is good). Many breeders and rescuers will have been feeding this food to the mother cat, and the kittens will quickly accommodate to eating what mom eats. Kittens can also be trained in the litter box now. They need a smaller, separate box, one that will be easy to access and exit, with only an inch or two of litter. As human babies experiment by tasting everything, so will kittens. If your kitten is eating the litter during their training period, try changing the litter type and monitor closely to see if the behavior continues. If your kitten insists on eating any type of litter available, talk to your veterinarian to see if underlying health issues should be investigated. Week 6      Socializing a kitten at this age will make all the difference in the world to his personality and interaction with humans as adult cats. Here are important milestones in the sixth week: Kittens can run, pounce, leap, and entertain themselves and their human observers endlessly. Just as quickly they can fall asleep at the drop of a hat, (growing up is hard work), so let them get all the rest they need. Kittens will follow their mother cat's lead in socializing with humans. If she has a comfortable relationship with the humans in her life, so will her kittens. However, if kittens are not accustomed to human handling by six weeks, it will be a long, slow, process to train them later, and, as an adult, such a cat may never be a "lap cat." Feral cat rescuers may consider having the litter spend time with humans (separate from the mother) before 6 weeks of age for optimal results in socializing the kittens for new homes.   Socializing Tip      Kittens should learn at this age that hands are not for playing—hands are for holding, petting, and feeding. One of the best "toys" for teaching this lesson is a plastic drinking straw. You can drag it across the floor and watch the kitten chase it, then wiggle it a bit and allow him to pounce on it and "capture" it. The baby may proudly strut with his prize before settling down to bite on it. The plastic is nice and crunchy and makes a good aid for teething, as well.      Well-socialized and completely weaned kittens may be ready for their new forever homes in just a couple of weeks. If you've been waiting for your kittens to be old enough to adopt, you'll probably be pretty excited by now.      Patience, though. Remember, "All good things come to those who wait."  

     The last thing we want is for our pets to be in danger during a fire when both smoke and flames can endanger them.      So what should you do in case your alarms go off and your furry (or fin-bearing) friends are also in harm's way? Have a Plan in Place      The best way to protect pets if your home catches fire is to include them in your family plan. Sarah Wooten, DVM and Pumpkin Pet Insurance veterinary expert, says leaving matters to firefighters is important, but making sure your pet is documented ensures they'll be prioritized and brought to safety.      A decal or sign on a window or door can let first responders know how many pets and humans are in the house, says Maja Drodz, a veterinarian at Goldsmith Veterinary Clinic in Denver. Don’t have a family plan for fires? Ready.gov has a great template.   Microchip Cats and Dogs      Wooten says keeping identification tags or microchips updated in the event your cat or dog gets lost during a house fire will dramatically increase the likelihood they'll be found and returned to you.       It is best to rely on these backup plans in case of separation, but there are also ways to transport the pets out safely when you have to evacuate your home. Have Appropriate Travel Preparations on Hand      Wooten advises keeping several cat and dog leashes around your home in case you ever need to escape a fire.      "Carry your cat or dog with a towel to make sure they don't inhale too much smoke," Drodz adds.      Along with carriers, pet owners should make an emergency kit for their dogs or cats with extra leashes, a first aid kit, a week's worth of food, litter and disposable trays, food and water bowls, copies of medical records, and toys.      Carriers also apply to smaller animals, Drodz says, as carrying rodents or lizards in a small transport kennel should be part of an evacuation emergency kit.      The kits should also include food, bottled water and a bowl, baby wipes for cleaning, paper towels, heat bulbs, spray bottles, and a blanket to deal with cold and stress. Make Firefighters' Jobs Easier      Wooten cautions against ever re-entering a burning home if your pet didn't come with you. That should be left to the firefighters, she says.      "If your pet didn’t make it out with you, as much as you might be tempted, you will endanger your own life [if you re-enter]," she says.      Instead, create an exit point by leaving doors and windows open, and continually call your pet’s name to help them navigate their way out, she says. How To Prioritize Fish Safety      Wooten suggests keeping two nets near your tank and several plastic bags that fit the size of your fish just in case.      "That way, in case of a fire, you can quickly scoop the fish up and into the bags," she says. "Turning the light off in the tank helps to confuse the fish so they are easier to catch."      Drodz agrees and says to have the fish-safe plastic bags ready filled with one-third water.      "If you have more time, a 5-gallon bucket with a lid and hole for air pump that can be plugged into car power adapter is also good to have on hand," she says. Reptiles Also Need Rescuing      Keep a small plastic transportation container near the enclosures of reptilian pets that you can use in case of an emergency for transportation, Wooten says. It is helpful to also have a store of food, medicine, and other supplies as well to store in the container.        "If you are exiting a home with small pets ... place the animal in a large pillow case or cardboard box and carry them out in a pillow case or box," she says. "Pillow cases can also be used to transport animals down from heights if you tie a knot in one end."  Prevent Fires in the First Place      Wooten suggests fire-proofing your home to ensure curious and active pets don't knock over things in the first place.      She cautions against using open flames. If they are open, keep them supervised, out of reach, and extinguished before leaving the home.      Stoves accidentally turned on by a pet bumping into a knob are also a common way pets accidentally start home fires, so she suggests removing knobs or covering them. Wooten says this is the best way to protect your pet from fires.

     Feline communication is a complex system of sign language, some vocalization, and even scent cues people can’t detect. Signals help define and reinforce the cat’s social position and smooth cat-to-cat, cat-to-people, and cat-to-dog relationships.      Silent communication can be as subtle as a gently flicked tail. Misreading a cat’s clear signal may prompt a hissy fit or worse — injury to you, or your other pets. Cat Tail Positions      Friendly cat tails seek to decrease the distance between individuals. The high-held tail pointed straight up is the feline equivalent of a “howdy!” and means Kitty welcomes attention and interaction. However, dog tails held straight up with little movement mean the opposite — and in dog-cat households in which pets don’t speak the same language, a spat may ensue.      A relaxed cat's tail curves down and back up in a gentle U. The more interest he feels, the higher the tail. Confident cats also hold their tails high, and when the end barely tips over like a finger waving “hi there,” it means he’s interested in interaction. Wagging Cat Tails      Other cat tail signals warn you away with signs to increase the distance between individuals. A wagging tail tells you to “back off!” And when Kitty starts thumping the ground with her tail, she’s ready to attack. A moving tail in cats generally indicates arousal of some sort — excitement, fear, aggression — but your dog may mistake the tail-wagging cat as an invitation to approach. After all, doggy wags often mean, “come close, let’s be friends.”      The end of the tail flicking back and forth usually indicates frustration or heightened emotion. Tabby may do this when the bumbling puppy won’t back off. If this tail warning to back off is ignored, the tail escalates to lashing or thumping — and ultimately an attack. Bristled Cat Tails      Watch Kitty’s fur level, too. Fur standing straight off the body (piloerection) indicates great arousal. A bristled tail held upright or straight behind the cat indicates aggression — watch out! But the bottlebrush tail held in an inverted U shows fear or defensiveness, and if push comes to shove, the cat will shove back with all claws bared.      Tucking the tail between the legs signals ultimate fear. That doesn’t mean Kitty won’t resort to using claws and teeth, though, if she’s cornered. You’ll usually also hear lots of hissing, growling, and other vocalizations, and the terrified cat may crouch low to the floor with ears slicked back. Or she may turn onto her back — not in submission, but to get all four claw-filled paws ready for defense. Once again, this can confuse dogs (and owners), who misinterpret rolling over as a sign of submission. Cats don’t do submission. Cat Communication Matters      It’s important that cat owners recognize feline “tail talk” because many behavior problems are a result from miscommunication.1 Cats tell us how they feel and what they want, and they must think humans are incredibly dense not to understand.      If you are an equal opportunity pet lover who shares your home with both dogs and cats, you may need to act as an interpreter. It can take a while for dogs to understand what Kitty tells them (and vice versa). Becoming multilingual solves or prevents a host of potential pet problems.  

     How often should cats and kittens eat? There is no quick and easy answer, as the age and relative health of your cat, how many cats you have, your home environment, and the type of food you feed will all play a large part in how you handle feeding.      For example, a stay-at-home caregiver will be able to feed canned food to kittens or geriatric cats several times a day. On the other hand, a single, working owner or a two-income family will rely more on dry cat food, with early morning and late-night supplements of canned food. How Frequently Should You Feed Kittens Canned Food?      Kittens need roughly twice the nutrients of adult cats, for both growth and energy.1 Obviously, their tummies cannot handle large quantities of food. Therefore, much like human babies, they need frequent feedings at first, tapering off as they grow. It is important during this time to weigh the kittens regularly to ensure they are gaining regularly, but not becoming overly fat. Their hunger will usually be a pretty good guideline for determining if they are getting enough nutrition.      As a rule, it is best for kittens under 8 weeks old to remain with the mother cat.2 If this is impossible, a kitten may be fed by bottle as early as 2 weeks old. Alternatively, the kitten can at five weeks old, be gradually introduced to a good canned kitten food, mixed with equal parts of a "kitten formula" such as kitten milk replacer (KMR). Note: I do not advise giving kittens whole milk, as many cats are allergic to it. As the kitten approaches 6 weeks old, the amount of KMR can be gradually reduced, until the kitten is eating canned food alone. Please note that these guidelines refer to feedings of canned food: At 6 weeks old: Three or more small feedings, spaced regularly throughout the day. Be sure to weigh the kitten regularly, and record his or her weight in a dated chart to keep track of its development. At 12 weeks old: Increase the amount of each meal, and gradually space them out to three meals a day. Around 6 months old: You may gradually space out the meals to twice daily. How Often Should You Feed Adult Cats?      Unless a kitten is showing excessive weight gain, he is considered an adult at the age of 1 year, and for the next nine years or so, he may be fed adult "maintenance" food or canned cat food once or twice daily, with supplements of dry food when needed, as listed below. What About Dry Food?      Veterinarians say dry food given for the convenience of the caregiver will meet the nutritional needs of the cat as long it is complete and balanced.3 Cats have lived long and happy lives on an exclusive diet of dry foods, and for working caregivers, adult cats may be fed a meal of canned food morning and night, with dry food left out for "grazing." There are a variety of premium dry cat food options available to accommodate every type of cat. Geriatric and Special Needs Cats     Older cats can be on the same feeding schedule as adult cats as long as haven't developed conditions requiring specific dietary needs. It is best with these cats to follow your veterinarian's directions for feeding, including the schedule and type of food.

     Ever pondered whether cats are aware of their names? Cats are not known to respond to calls, in contrast to dogs. However, this does not always imply that your cat doesn't know its name if it doesn't twitch a whisker in response to your call.      A 2019 study that appeared in the journal Scientific Reports claims that cats are capable of self-recognition. Atsuko Saito, a behavioral scientist from Sophia University in Tokyo, is the study's principal author. Her earlier research has shown that cats can recognize their owners' voices.      Researchers saw cats in both regular homes and cat cafes for the purpose of the name recognition study. The café cats could tell their names apart from generic nouns, but they couldn't tell their names apart from the names of other cats that frequented the establishment. In contrast, the house cats could distinguish between their own names and those of other cats residing in the house, as well as between general nouns. Based on phonemic distinctions, the researchers deduced that cats are capable of distinguishing between the different parts of human language. Why Is My Cat Ignoring Me?      Why don't cats run to us when we call their names, given that we know they can recognize them? All it is, after all, is a cat being a cat. People often make comparisons between cats and dogs, but these two extremely distinct species shouldn't be expected to behave in the same ways. Compared to dogs, our feline companions are more distant and independent, and they don't always feel the need to react when you call their name.            When you call their name, some cats actually come running. Congratulations if you have a cat like this! Cats that readily engage with you and respond to your vocal utterances are lots of fun to live with. Such cats are often described as “dog-like” due to their extra devotion to their people. Be Patient If You Change Your Cat's Name      There are situations in which a cat may not even know its name; for example, you may acquire an adult cat and give it a new name, or you may have a kitten that has just received its first name. Depending on the situation, adopted adult cats may even be on their third or fourth name, so it's reasonable if they don't react to their new name straight away.          It's conceivable that your cat doesn't know its name yet if it doesn't react when you call it. The good news is that cats pick up new names with ease. There are methods to somewhat expedite the name-learning process, even though your cat will most likely pick up its new name given enough time. How to Teach Your Cat Its Name      You may be astonished to learn that you can teach cats to recognize their names. You can teach your cat its name (or refresh its memory) in the same way that you would teach a new habit. Follow these simple steps to teach your cat's name.      First, try not to use your cat's name too much. Repeating your cat's name can cause your cat to tune it out as background noise. Use it only during training sessions, especially if you're trying to teach your cat a new name. Later, you can say the name more freely, and your cat should recognize it.      Next, create a positive association with your cat’s name by pairing the name with a tasty treat. Use something your cat really likes, such as tiny bits of plain chicken or a favorite treat broken up into small pieces. TIP      Keep the treats very tiny (pea-sized or smaller), so you can reward your cat many times in a training session without making it too full or upsetting the balance of its diet.         Say your cat's name and promptly give it a treat. Say your cat's name again, and give him another reward. Repeat this about ten times in a few minutes, then take a rest. As the training sessions proceed, make sure to incorporate your cat's name into other words and converse normally, but only reward with a treat when its name is said. This way, your cat will associate the treat with its name rather than simply hearing your voice. Every day, play the name game two to three times (morning, noon, and night is ideal), for as long as it takes your cat to recognize its name.      To test to see if your cat knows its name, say her name without holding a treat and see how it reacts. If it turns toward you (or comes running!), you have achieved success. 

    Trivia about kittens you didn't know: the world of kittens revealed!     For thousands of years, people have kept cats as an animal. Although cats are ubiquitous, little is known about them. By exploring the biology, habits, history and science of cats, we will try to reveal the biological characteristics of cats. We will try to reveal some unknown secrets about cats through the three dimensions of biology, habits, history and science.       Part I: General Knowledge about the Physiology of Cats 1.1 The Unique Vision of Cats     Cats have a completely different vision from humans. Although cats do not see as well as humans in the daytime, their visual ability is six times that of humans. This is due to a special reflective tissue called “zona pellucida” that grows behind the cat's eyes. This fiber enhances light and allows them to see even at night.   1.2 Foot pad perception in cats     In addition to cushioning and protection, a cat's foot pads are also a very useful means of sensing. Cats' paws are covered with nerve endings that sense soil vibrations and temperature changes, helping them to be more flexible when hunting.1.3 The Role of Cat Whiskers     A cat's long whiskers (whisker jigglers) are both a measure of distance and an important means of sensing air movement. In this way, even at night, cats can accurately recognize the orientation and shape of obstacles. A cat's whiskers can also convey a cat's emotions: when a cat is nervous or agitated, the whiskers will stretch forward.   Part 2: The Basics of Cat Habits 2.1 Why do cats love to stay in tight places?     You may have noticed that kittens love to get into boxes, drawers, and even shoes. It's a cat's nature. In the wild, cats choose tight places to avoid predators and ambushes, and domestic cats do the same.2.2 Cat's Secret “Cat Talk”     Cats are not naturally meowing, they communicate with each other mostly by body and scent. Studies have shown that cats communicate with people mostly by “meowing”, and also, in order to better communicate their needs, cats can adjust their purr according to their owner's response. 2.3 The role of cat licking of hairs     A cat doesn't lick its own fur just because it's clean; it does it for several reasons. First, the caressing can help the cat adjust its body temperature. Second, licking the fur can help reduce tension. Also, licking the saliva contained in the cat's fur helps heal wounds.   Chapter III: History and Culture of Cats 3.1 Ancient Egyptians' Worship of Cats     Ancient Egyptians believed that the cat was a holy creature, and they believed that the cat could drive away evil. The famous Egyptian cat god, Bast, was an idol with a cat's head and body and was the protector of family, love and reproduction. Ancient Egyptians also held funeral services for cats and would place statues of cats in their cemeteries. 3.2 European Misconceptions of the Cat in the Middle Ages    In medieval Europe, the cat was regarded as a symbol of evil, especially when it was thought to be the embodiment of a witch. Because of this superstition, cats were often persecuted at this time. However, it was this misunderstanding that made cats fewer and fewer while rats became more and more common, eventually causing the plague to spread.3.3 Japanese see cats as a sign of happiness     In Japan, people regard cats as symbols of good luck, especially the “fortune cat” is the most famous. According to myths, cats bring wealth and luck to people. They often raise one leg and the sides of their front paws represent wealth or popularity.     Part 4: About Cats and Contemporary Technology 4.1 Genomics of Cats     Through the study of genetics, scientists have discovered much about the genetic information of cats. Studies have shown that the gene sequences of domesticated cats are very similar to those of wild cats, so it can be well explained why domestic cats still maintain many wild characteristics, such as independence and hunting nature.4.2 Analysis of Cat Emotions     Modern technology has enabled us to have a deeper understanding of cat emotions. For example, by using AI technology to analyze the cat's facial expression, voice and behavior, researchers are able to accurately understand the cat's mood and guide them to take better care of the cat. 4.3 Space Cat Experiments     Cats are not only popular animals on earth, they have also been sent to space for experimentation.In 1963, the French sent a kitten called Felicette into the universe in order to study the neural response in a gravity-free state.   Part 5: Health and Maintenance of Cats Cold Knowledge 5.1 Drinking Habits of Cats     The ancestors of cats lived in the desert, so they lived on food. Therefore, cats generally do not like to drink water. In order to ensure that the kitten has enough to drink, the owner should feed it wet food or clean water. 5.2 Oral and Dental Hygiene for Cats     Many cats suffer from toothaches, but most cat owners don't realize it. Dental diseases that cats suffer from not only cause mouth pain, but can have a negative impact on the overall condition of the body. Frequent brushing and oral hygiene checks for kittens are essential.5.3 Handling of Cat Fur     Cats have different requirements for maintaining their fur. Long-haired cats have to put more effort in order to avoid growing small balls, while short-haired cats are better cared for. Frequent brushing of the cat not only ensures that it looks neat and tidy, but also lets its owner know what's wrong with it.  

     Because they are innate hunters, cats would prefer to consume meat on their own as their main food source. However, when you read this, you might be wondering, do cats actually eat corn? Although the solution is straightforward, there are a few things you should be aware of first.      Learn more about giving your cat corn without risk. Corn in Cat Food      When you go cat food shopping, you might discover that maize is a common ingredient in many commercial products. Although maize and other grains have been referred to as "fillers" by some media outlets, the corn that is included in cat food is processed to make it easier for your cat to digest and to give it with nutrients. It's a healthy way to get your fill of protein, important fatty acids like linoleic acid, and carbohydrates. Scientific data does not support the notion that grains, such as corn, in cat food are harmful to cats.      However, remember that your cat has to eat just meat. You should never feed a vegan diet to your cat. While maize might be a part of your cat's diet, it shouldn't be the primary component.      Since your cat is an obligate carnivore, it must consume meat in order to obtain its necessary nutrients. Actually, cats need certain nutrients that are only found in animal products, such as taurine. Your cat does not have to avoid grains just because it is an obligatory carnivore. It implies that the majority of your cat's diet should consist of meat because it is necessary. How to Feed Corn to Cats      Regularly giving your cat maize isn't the best treat you could give them because cats are obligate carnivores. As a matter of fact, commercial cat diet corn is far more likely to provide health benefits to a cat than home-cooked corn.      Your cat should only get a few kernels of cooked corn at a time if you wish to offer it to them as a treat. While corn is generally good when given infrequently, it should not be given to your cat as a regular treat. If your cat suffers from a chronic illness such as diabetes or has dietary sensitivities, you must obtain your veterinarian's approval before adding butter or spices to their food.      Cats should not eat corn cobs or corn husks. Both items can lead to a gastrointestinal blockage, which may necessitate emergency surgery. Potential Risks and Concerns      While most cats will be totally fine after eating a few kernels of corn, there are some risks to be aware of.       Vomiting and diarrhea: Because your cat's gastrointestinal tract is designed for meat eating, he or she may have difficulty digesting corn. If you feed your cat corn, it may pass whole kernels in its poo. Some cats experience vomiting and diarrhea. Corn cobs and husks can induce gastrointestinal blockages, which frequently necessitate surgical intervention.      Developing food allergies: Cats might grow allergic to corn over time. Cats' most common food allergies are to fish, poultry, dairy, and beef. Most cats' food allergies emerge as skin irritation and itching.      Obesity: Because corn contains starch, eating too much of it can increase your risk of becoming obese. With more than half of cats in the United States deemed fat, this is not a concern to be taken lightly! Obesity raises the likelihood of chronic health disorders such as diabetes and arthritis, as well as shortening a cat's lifespan.      Food poisoning: Cats who consume corn should only eat plain, unsalted, unbuttered maize. Added substances, such as garlic, might be harmful to cats. Butter and oils can cause gastrointestinal issues and contribute to obesity.Exacerbation of existing health conditions: If your cat has a chronic health condition, ensure that maize is approved before giving it to him. Alternatives to Corn for Cats If you’d like to feed your cat human foods as a treat, consider these alternatives: Plain, cooked, lean meat like chicken or turkey Plain, cooked fish like salmon Cooked eggs Bananas Blueberries Pumpkin Strawberries Steamed broccoli Cooked sweet potatoes Cooked peas      Before feeding your cat human foods, consult with your veterinarian. Keep in mind that treats should not account for more than 10% of your cat's daily caloric consumption.      Instead of giving your cat corn as a treat, consider commercial cat treats, which are designed exclusively for cats. The Bottom Line on Corn for Cats      Corn is a safe ingredient in commercial cat foods, and it’s safe as a treat for most cats when given sparingly. The best way to ensure your cat’s nutrition needs are met, whether you’re giving corn as a treat or skipping it, is to provide a balanced meat-based diet formulated for cats. 

     The adage "curiosity killed the cat" refers to a cat's inclination to investigate everything in its surroundings and to occasionally become ill-informed about what to avoid. Your cat probably wants you to share if you are eating something. As a veterinarian in practice, I get questions all the time about what human foods—including tomatoes—are okay to give to our cats. Cat Nutrition      Cats genuinely enjoy eating flesh. Unlike dogs and humans, cats must consume carnivorous foods. This implies that meat must make up at least 70% of their diet. Cats do not need fruits, vegetables, or grains, yet they will consume them. A cat cannot follow a vegan or vegetarian diet.      Many cat owners are unsure about whether or not to offer their pets "human" food. Generally speaking, a cat should get all of its calories from premium, well-balanced cat food. On the other hand, rewarding a cat with a treat can serve as a training aid and reinforce the human-animal link. You can offer commercial cat treats, but you can also use tiny morsels of food that is usually meant for people, provided that you are certain that it is safe for cats to eat. Can Cats Eat Tomatoes?      Since most cats dislike this ruby-red fruit, you might find that your cat isn't interested in tomatoes if you put them on your menu. What if, however, your cat insists on eating your tomato?      Rich in vitamins and antioxidants, tomatoes are a fruit that is good for human health. Vitamins A, C, and K, potassium, fiber, and lycopene—a chemical present in high concentrations in tomatoes that has been linked to numerous health benefits—are all found in abundance in tomatoes.      Despite everything mentioned above on tomatoes' health benefits for people, it is incorrect to believe that cats who eat tomatoes will also benefit from them. Since tomatoes are not meant for cats' digestive systems, eating excessive amounts of them might result in vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach pain.      It is vital to note that green tomatoes that have not fully ripened, as well as their stems and leaves, are a greater risk to your cat. Unripe tomatoes, as well as all components of the tomato plant's stem and leaves, are harmful to cats. Solanine, the deadly substance found in these green plant portions, is toxic to cats and many other animals. If a cat consumes an unripe tomato or the leaves or stems of a tomato plant, it may develop gastrointestinal distress, lethargy, a dangerously slow heart rate (bradycardia), and severe vomiting.Green tomatoes that have been properly cooked are safer because they contain no active solanine; nonetheless, they might still induce stomach irritation if consumed in large numbers. How Much Tomato Can Cats Eat?      If your cat enjoys tomatoes, you can safely feed them small portions of the matured flesh on occasion. However, it is recommended that you take no more than one or two bits of tomato flesh. If your cat consumes a big amount of the fruit, keep an eye out for any signs of gastrointestinal trouble, including as vomiting, stomach pain, or diarrhea. If any adverse effects are observed, call your veterinarian immediately. Final Thoughts      When sharing tomatoes with your cat, a few little nibbles of mature tomato flesh are unlikely to cause problems. However, underripe tomatoes, stems, and leaves should be avoided. If your cat consumes any of the following, please contact your veterinarian immediately.      Cats are real carnivores who require at least 70% of their diet to be meat, hence it is vital to feed them a meat-based diet. Treats should not account for more than 10% of total daily calories. If the cat is given too many snacks or treats, it may get too full to eat enough of its regular food. This may result in nutritional deficits and catastrophic sickness.      Feed your kitty. Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine.As usual, if you have any questions or concerns regarding your pet's health or what to feed your cat, please contact your veterinarian.

     As a person who has always been fascinated by felines, it’s not surprising that I associate myself with cats. For me, cats are more than just adorable creatures; they represent my personality, behaviors and attitude towards life. In many ways, cats reflect who I am as a person. From their insatiable curiosity, two-sided personality traits, to their independence, there are a few reasons why cats represent me best as a person.      One of the characteristics that I share with cats is curiosity. Cats are known for their inquisitive nature; they explore, observe and investigate their surroundings. They are naturally curious beings, and I can relate to them in this aspect. As a person, I am also interested in unraveling the mysteries of life. I love exploring the unknown, trying out new things, and learning about different aspects of life. Like cats, I am not afraid of taking risks, and I often venture into uncharted territories with curiosity being my guiding light.     Another reason why cats represent me best as a person is their two-sided personality traits. Cats have a reputation for being both loving and aloof. They can be affectionate and cuddly at one moment, and then turn into fierce hunters the next. Similarly, I, too, have my fair share of contradictory personality traits. I can be outgoing and social, but at the same time, I also cherish my quiet and introspective moments. Like cats, I am a complex creature, and my personality tends to shift and change depending on the situation.     Finally, cats’ independence is yet another reason why these felines represent me best as a person. Cats are self-sufficient animals; they can groom themselves, hunt their food, and keep themselves entertained. They are independent creatures who thrive on their own. As a person, I value my independence and appreciate the ability to take care of myself. Like cats, I enjoy being self-sufficient, and I am not afraid of facing the world on my own.     In conclusion, there are numerous reasons why cats represent me best as a person. From their curiosity, two-sided personality traits, to their independence, these felines resonate with my personality, behaviors, and attitude towards life. As a proud cat person, I can confidently say that my little feline friends offer glimpses of myself, and I am grateful for their companionship.

     Appearance, Personality, History, Care, & Helpful Information for Pet Owners      There is no particular breed of cat that is calico. In reality, they belong to domestic cat breeds with distinctive calico (tri-color) coats. One calico might have the typical pattern of bright orange, black, and white, while another might have a softer blue-and-cream color scheme. The latter is referred as in feline genetics as a "dilute calico."      Two calico cats will never look precisely the same. They are renowned for their wit and spunk, but they are also devoted and caring friends to individuals of all ages. Their personalities are equally intriguing. It's interesting to note that nearly all of the exceedingly rare male calicoes—one out of every 3,000—are infertile, meaning they are unable to procreate. It contributes to their reputation as fortunate people.    Find out more about the unique qualities of calico cats.   Breed Overview Personality: Sassy, spunky, bold, affectionate, independent, loyal Weight: Up to 12 pounds Length: About 18 inches Coat Length: Short hair and long hair Coat Colors: Orange, black, blue, lilac, and cream Coat Patterns: Tri-color (calico) Eye Color: Yellow, green, or blue Lifespan: 15 years, depending on breed Hypoallergenic: No Origin: Possibly Egypt and the Mediterranean coast Calico Cat Characteristics      The calico is a medium-sized domestic cat renowned for their spunky, assertive personality. While this is a generally independent cat who doesn't require constant attention, the calico is also sweet, loving, and loyal.     They will readily bond with a single person but enjoy the company of an entire family, too. However, a study on cat coat colors and behavior found that calicos tend to be more aggressive.    Calicoes differ from tortoiseshell cats, whose colors (red and black) are interwoven throughout the coat instead of appearing in distinct patches of solid color. History of the Calico Cat     No one is sure where the calico originated, though the cats likely emerged from Egypt and were traded along the Mediterranean.     Calico cats are believed to bring good luck in the folklore of many cultures. In Japan, Maneki Neko are good luck figures—the waving cat—that sometimes depict calico cats. In the United States, these are sometimes referred to as "money cats."     Researchers began seriously studying calico cats and their appearance in the late 1940s. Murray Barr and his graduate student E.G. Bertram noticed masses inside the nuclei of nerve cells of female cats. They were absent in male cats. These dark masses eventually were called Barr bodies and determined to be inactive X chromosomes. Mary Lyon proposed the concept of X-inactivation in 1961. It occurs when one of the two X chromosomes inside a female mammal shuts off. She observed this in the coat color patterns in mice, similar to the patterns of calico cats.      In calico cats, the fur-color gene occupies the X chromosome. If that chromosome deactivates, a different fur color will appear. The inactive chromosomes are random, which is why each calico cat has a unique pattern. Calico Cat Care      A calico cat's breed will determine a lot of its maintenance requirements. For example, the coats of shorthaired calicoes will require less brushing than the coats of longhaired varieties.      All cats, regardless of breed, require stimulation and activity. It is imperative that you ensure your cat has regular veterinary care and has all of its vaccinations up to date. Remember the importance of giving your cat regular tooth brushing. Common Health Problems      The lifespan of a calico cat can be influenced by their breed. Male calico cats tend to have more health issues than female calicoes.      Regardless of the breed, a male calico cat is prone to a genetic health condition called Klinefelter Syndrome. In addition to being sterile, these cats experience cognitive and developmental issues, behavioral problems, reduced bone mineral content, and obesity.      Female calico cats do not have health problems that correlate with their color patterns, but they may have issues specific to their respective breeds. That's why it's important to schedule regular visits with your vet. Appearance      Calico cats are some of the most strikingly patterned cats, wearing bold patches of colors—mostly orange, black, and white.      According to the Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) show standards for calico Persians, the cat should be a tri-color cat of black, red, and white with white feet, legs, belly, chest, and muzzle. The cat should also have a colored tail and one or more colored patches on the head and body.      Calicoes' eye colors include copper, blue, green, or odd-eyed. In show-quality Persians, odd-eyed bi-colors should have one blue and one copper eye with equal color depth. Diet and Nutrition      A complete and balanced cat food, whether dried or canned, is generally a great option for calicoes of any breed. However, research your specific breed of cat to find out if they have any unique dietary requirements. Ask your veterinarian for feeding advice, too. Where to Adopt or Buy a Calico Cat      Calicoes are generally not breed specific. You may find one at your local shelter or pet rescue for under $100. Calico-patterned breeds are more expensive.      Calico cats are not rare, but finding one at a local shelter can be difficult. Check with breeders of cats who tend to have calico coloration in your area to see if any specialize in calico patterns, or search online adoption sites to locate a kitten or cat in your area.

           🐱Cats are fascinating creatures with unique personalities, and forming a strong bond with them can be incredibly rewarding. Whether you're a new cat owner or looking to deepen your relationship with your feline friend, there are several effective strategies to connect with your cat. Providing your cat with treats or toys that they enjoy, spending time with them often, and playing with them are all important tools for bonding. Here’s a guide to help you build a lasting bond with your cat. 1. Engage with Cat Toys      🎡Pet toys are more than just fun; they play a crucial role in stimulating your cat's natural instincts and creating opportunities for bonding. Interactive toys, such as feather wands, laser pointers, and treat-dispensing toys, can help engage your cat's hunting instincts and encourage play. Here’s how you can use them effectively: Feather Wands: These toys mimic the movement of birds, tapping into your cat's predatory instincts. Gently move the wand around to simulate the flight of a bird, and watch your cat leap and pounce. This not only provides physical exercise but also mental stimulation. Laser Pointers: Cats love to chase the elusive red dot. Use a laser pointer to create a fun and engaging game that can help your cat burn off energy. Be sure to end the game with a tangible toy or treat, as some cats can become frustrated if the game ends without a "catch." Treat-Dispensing Toys: These toys combine play with rewards. Cats have to solve a puzzle or engage with the toy to release treats, which can help keep them mentally sharp and encourage problem-solving skills. 2. Provide a Cat Water Fountain      🫗Hydration is essential for your cat's health, and a cat water fountain can make drinking water more appealing. Cats are often drawn to running water, so a fountain can encourage them to drink more frequently, which is especially beneficial for their urinary tract and overall health. Here’s why a pet water fountain can be a great addition: Encourages Drinking: The flowing water of a fountain can attract cats who might otherwise ignore their water bowl. It’s a great way to ensure your cat stays well-hydrated. Filtered Water: Most pet water fountains come with filters that help remove impurities and keep the water clean. This can improve the taste and quality of the water, making it more appealing to your cat. Reduces Spills: Many water fountains are designed to prevent spills and messes, which can be particularly useful in keeping your cat’s eating area clean. 3. Create a Safe and Comfortable Environment      🪐Beyond toys and hydration, creating a safe and comfortable environment is crucial for building trust with your cat. Here are a few additional tips: Respect Their Space: Cats value their personal space and may need time to adjust to new people or situations. Let your cat come to you on their terms and avoid forcing interactions. Positive Reinforcement: Use treats and praise to reward your cat for positive behavior. This helps them associate you with positive experiences and builds trust. Regular Interaction: Spend quality time with your cat through petting, playing, and simply sitting near them. Consistent, positive interactions will help strengthen your bond. 4. Monitor Their Health and Well-being       😸A happy and healthy cat is more likely to form a strong bond with you. Regular veterinary check-ups, a balanced diet, and attention to any changes in behavior or health are essential for your cat's well-being. A pet water fountain can aid in maintaining hydration, while interactive toys help keep your cat engaged and active. Conclusion      👩🐈Bonding with your cat takes time and patience, but incorporating pet toys and a pet water fountain into your routine can enhance your relationship. By providing engaging play experiences and ensuring proper hydration, you’re creating a nurturing environment that helps your cat thrive. Remember, every cat is unique, so observe their preferences and adjust your approach as needed. With love and care, you and your feline friend can enjoy a deep and rewarding connection.      Feel free to share your own experiences or ask questions in the comments below. Happy bonding with your kitty!

           🐈Cats have long captivated the hearts and homes of millions worldwide. Their independent yet affectionate nature makes them beloved companions for people of all ages. Whether you're a seasoned cat owner or contemplating bringing a feline friend into your life, understanding their behaviors, needs, and quirks is essential. In this comprehensive blog post, we explore everything you need to know about cats, touching upon popular topics that resonate with pet owners everywhere.   Understanding Cat Behavior      💥Cats are known for their unique behaviors and personalities. From the playful antics of kittens to the dignified grace of mature cats, each feline has its own charm. Here are some common behaviors explained: Kneading: This rhythmic motion with their paws is a throwback to kittenhood when they kneaded their mother's belly to stimulate milk flow. It signifies comfort and contentment. Purring: Often associated with happiness, cats also purr when they're injured or anxious, as a self-soothing mechanism. Spraying: This behavior, where cats mark their territory with urine, is more common in unneutered males but can occur in any cat feeling stressed or threatened.   Health and Wellness      🪐Transforming your home into a haven for your feline companion involves understanding their preferences: Scratching Posts: Essential for cats to stretch, mark territory, and maintain their claws. Opt for sturdy, tall posts covered in sisal or cardboard. Litter Box Basics: Cats are meticulous about their bathroom habits. Provide a clean, quiet litter box in a private area of your home, away from their food and water. Environmental Enrichment: Toys, climbing structures, and interactive play sessions mimic hunting behaviors and provide mental stimulation. Popular Cat Breeds      😸Whether you prefer a playful Bengal or a laid-back Ragdoll, there's a cat breed to suit every personality and lifestyle. Popular breeds include: Siamese: Known for their vocal nature and striking blue eyes. Maine Coon: Gentle giants with tufted ears and bushy tails. Persian: Long-haired beauties with flat faces and affectionate personalities. Conclusion      🤗Cats enrich our lives with their companionship, affection, and independent spirit. By understanding their behaviors, meeting their needs for health and wellness, and creating a cat-friendly environment, you ensure a harmonious relationship with your feline friend. Whether you're navigating the joys of kittenhood or cherishing the companionship of a senior cat, the bond you share with your cat is a testament to the special connection between humans and animals.      🎈Embrace the enigmatic charm of cats and embark on a journey filled with purrs, playfulness, and unconditional love. Your cat's presence in your life is not just a responsibility but a privilege—an opportunity to experience the magic of feline companionship every day.

     As a cat owner, you’re always on the lookout for ways to enrich your feline friend’s life. Keeping your cat happy and healthy involves more than just regular feedings and vet visits. It's essential to provide them with an engaging environment that caters to their physical and mental needs. In this blog post, we’ll explore how incorporating a fountain, feeder, cat toys, and automatic toys can elevate your cat's well-being and make your life easier. 1. The Benefits of a Cat Fountain      A cat fountain is more than just a stylish addition to your home; it’s a crucial tool for keeping your cat hydrated. Unlike static water bowls, a cat fountain continuously circulates water, which encourages cats to drink more often. This is particularly important because cats are notoriously bad at drinking enough water, which can lead to urinary and kidney issues.   Why Choose a Cat Fountain? Increased Hydration: The running water is more appealing to cats than stagnant water. Filtered Water: Most cat fountains come with built-in filters that help remove impurities and keep the water fresh. Less Mess: The continuous flow of water helps prevent spills and keeps the water bowl cleaner. Investing in a cat fountain is a simple way to promote your cat’s health and ensure they stay hydrated. 2. The Importance of a Cat Feeder      A cat feeder is another essential tool for maintaining your cat’s health and convenience. Automatic feeders can be especially beneficial for busy pet owners or those with multiple cats. These feeders can be programmed to dispense food at specific times, ensuring your cat receives regular meals even when you’re not around. Benefits of Automatic Feeders: Consistent Feeding Schedule: Helps regulate your cat’s diet and prevents overeating or undereating. Convenience: Saves you time and hassle, especially if you’re away from home frequently. Portion Control: Prevents overfeeding and helps maintain a healthy weight for your cat.      Choose a feeder that suits your cat’s dietary needs and fits your lifestyle for a more manageable feeding routine. 3. The Role of Cat Toys in Physical and Mental Stimulation      Cats are naturally curious and playful creatures. Providing a variety of cat toys is crucial for their physical exercise and mental stimulation. Toys come in various forms, from simple balls and feathers to more complex interactive gadgets. Why Provide Cat Toys? Exercise: Toys help your cat stay active and maintain a healthy weight. Mental Stimulation: Interactive toys and puzzles keep your cat’s mind sharp and engaged. Bonding Time: Playing with your cat can strengthen your bond and provide a fun, shared activity.      Rotate different types of toys to keep your cat’s playtime interesting and engaging. 4. Exploring Automatic Toys for Modern Play      Automatic toys take playtime to the next level by providing continuous entertainment without requiring your constant involvement. These toys often come with features like automated movements, lasers, or even treat dispensers, which can captivate your cat’s attention and keep them active. Advantages of Automatic Toys: Endless Entertainment: Automated movement and actions keep your cat engaged even when you’re not available to play. Variety: Options like laser toys or rotating balls cater to different play preferences. Encourages Exercise: Keeps your cat moving and playing, which is essential for their overall health.      Incorporating automatic toys into your cat’s routine can add variety to their playtime and ensure they are entertained, even when you’re busy. Conclusion      Creating a stimulating and supportive environment for your cat involves more than just basic care. By incorporating a cat fountain, automatic feeder, a variety of cat toys, and interactive automatic toys into your cat’s daily life, you can help them stay hydrated, well-fed, and engaged. These additions not only enhance your cat’s well-being but also contribute to a more harmonious home environment. Invest in these essential tools to ensure your feline friend lives a happy, healthy, and enriched life.

     How frequently should cats and kittens eat? There is no simple solution because the age and relative health of your cat, the number of cats you have, your living environment, and the sort of food you offer will all influence how you approach feeding.      A stay-at-home caretaker, for example, can serve canned food to kittens or senior cats multiple times each day. A single, working owner or a two-income family, on the other hand, will rely on dry cat food with canned food added in the morning and late at night. How Frequently Should You Feed Kittens Canned Food?      Kittens require approximately twice as much nutrients as adult cats for growth and energy.1 Obviously, their stomachs can't tolerate enormous amounts of food. As a result, they require frequent feedings at initially, which gradually decrease as they develop. During this stage, it is critical to weigh the kittens on a regular basis to ensure that they are gaining weight without getting overweight. Their hunger level is usually a reliable indicator of whether they are getting adequate nutrition.      As a rule, kittens under 8 weeks old should stay with their mother cat.2 If this is not practicable, a kitten can be bottle-fed as early as two weeks of age. Alternatively, from five weeks old, the kitten can be progressively introduced to a high-quality canned kitten food mixed with equal quantities of a "kitten formula" such as kitten milk replacer. Note: I do not recommend giving kittens full milk because many cats are allergic to it. As the kitten reaches 6 weeks of age, the amount of KMR can be gradually lowered until the kitten is eating canned food exclusively. Please keep in mind that these principles apply to the feeding of canned food: At six weeks old: three or more little feedings spread throughout the day. To monitor the kitten's development, weigh him or her on a regular basis and record the results in a dated chart. At 12 weeks old, increase the size of each meal and eventually spread them out to three meals each day. Around 6 months old, you can start spacing out your meals to twice a day.      If you purchase a feeder, you can set the time and number of servings per meal so you don't have to worry about your cat starving during your absence.   How Often Should You Feed Adult Cats?      A kitten is considered an adult at one year of age, unless he is gaining too much weight. During the next nine years or so, he can be fed canned cat food or adult "maintenance" food once or twice a day, with dry food supplements as mentioned below when necessary.   What About Dry Food?      According to veterinarians, providing dry food to a cat for convenience can satisfy its nutritional needs as long as it is full and well-balanced.3. Cats that only eat dry food have lived long, happy lives. Adult cats who have caregivers who work might be fed canned food for breakfast and dinner, with dry food available for "grazing." To suit all cat types, a range of high-quality dry food options is provided. Geriatric and Special Needs Cats      If an older cat hasn't developed a condition that calls for a different diet, they can follow the same feeding regimen as adult cats. It is best to feed these cats according to the feeding instructions provided by your veterinarian, including the amount and kind of food.

     🎈Yes, cats also require exercise. Sedentary lifestyles can have detrimental impacts on one's physical and emotional well-being, much like in humans. But only you and your cat can decide how much exercise your cat actually needs. Why cats need to exercise and how to give them the tools they need are explained here. How Much Exercise Do Cats Need Per Day?      😸For them to be healthy and happy, cats often need to exercise for thirty minutes each day. But this can change based on the cat's age, breed, way of life, and unique personality. While some cats could like brief periods of movement, others might require more prolonged playtime or regimented workouts.            😸All cats sleep a lot, but kittens sleep between eighteen and twenty-two hours a day on average, and they are usually rather active throughout the day. Due to their high activity levels, most kittens require an hour or more of exercise per day. The good news is your cat should play enough to obtain the exercise she needs if you provide her lots of toys and games to choose from.      😸Playing and hunting, which is essentially just hunting practice, is how cats naturally obtain exercise in the wild. For this reason, outdoor-accessible cats usually get more exercise than indoor-only cats. Even with limited space in your house, your indoor cat can still receive the exercise she needs through environmental enrichment. Importance of Exercise for Cats      🚨Frequent exercise helps cats maintain a healthy lifestyle by keeping them intellectually and physically fit and by enhancing their general wellbeing.Promoting play and physical activity can also aid in the prevention of behavioral problems such destructive chewing and scratching.      🐱Cats tend to have small spurts of energy during the day and night and spend a lot of time napping, relaxing, and grooming. Give your cat toys, scratching posts, and engaging playtime with people to help with both mental and physical stimulation.      🙂If you don't spend a lot of time with your cat, a toy that can be automatically activated for your cat is a good option. Physical Benefits      🤯Cats who exercise frequently are able to burn calories and keep a healthy weight. This can lessen the chance of developing related health issues like diabetes and arthritis and help prevent obesity.McKenzie B. What is the proof for dog aerobics and feline fitness? News on Veterinary Practice.Additionally, exercise supports and enhances cats' strength and muscular tone.For elderly cats, who may be more susceptible to muscle loss and frailty, this can be especially crucial. Mental Benefits      🪐Cats benefit from exercise because it stimulates their minds and keeps them from becoming bored, anxious, or depressed, which can result in destructive behavior and other behavioral issues. Cats can stay cognitively busy and sharp by playing with interactive toys or games. Frequent play and exercise helps avoid behavioral issues, lower stress and anxiety, and promote social contact between pets and people.      ♨️If you have cat toys around, letting your cat play with them for up to 30 minutes at a time is the best option and is more conducive to their physical and mental health. 5 Easy Exercise Ideas for Cats      🐈Knowing your cat's interests will help you choose the right workout for them. While some cats like to play when a human starts the game, others prefer to play on their own. Since cats are most active at dusk and dawn, these are ideal times to start playing with your cat. To get your cat moving, try these suggestions at home: Interactive Cat Toys      💖Cats can play independently with interactive toys like food puzzles and battery-operated toys. While some cats enjoy batting tiny toys like balls or catnip mice around, others become disinterested if they are unable to play with the object. For cats who are motivated by food, interactive toys that distribute food or have hidden chambers are a terrific idea. Use vet-approved low-calorie treats in these toys if your cat needs to lose weight, or think about using them for mealtimes! It's a terrific idea to make a cat struggle for its food in order to encourage weight loss and cerebral stimulation. Wand Toys      💖Humans play with cats using wand toys. When their owner pulls out the feather teaser or the bird-on-a-stick, a lot of cats go crazy. This kind of play is fantastic since it strengthens your relationship with your cat. Cat Trees      💖Cat trees give cats an outdoor experience inside the security of the house. For hours, they can stretch, climb, and itch. For several cats, it's also a fantastic opportunity for them to socialize. Scratching Posts      💖Cats may exercise their paws, keep their nails healthy, and stretch their muscles by using scratching posts and mats. We may not think of using a scratcher as exercise, yet it's similar to cat yoga. Exercise Wheels      💖Exercise wheels resemble enormous hamster wheels. A cat wheel can be quite enriching if you have the room and your cat enjoys running. To ensure your cat's safety, make sure you buy yours from a reliable supplier.      💖If your cats get along, they could be good playmates for other household pets. A playmate, however, cannot replace human connection and environmental enrichment. Regardless of the number of animals you own, each one need special care in addition to the toys and accessories that suit their personalities. FAQ Do indoor cats need a daily walk?      💥Daily walks are undoubtedly beneficial for cats, but not all cats need them. Walking your cat every day, if they are trained to walk on a leash and harness, is a great method to provide them exercise and mental stimulation. How do I know if my cat is getting enough exercise?      💥When a cat isn't given enough exercise and stimulation, it might develop behavioral problems including destructive gnawing, scratching, and urinating outside of the litter box. Additionally, they might put on weight or lose muscle. Each cat has different demands when it comes to exercise, so discuss your cat's specific requirements with your veterinarian. What if my cat doesn't want to play?      💥It's acceptable that some cats don't play as much as others do. To find out which activities and toys your cat like, you might need to give them a variety of various kinds to try. Try interactive food-dispensing toys or food puzzles if your cat is food-motivated. Now is a fantastic time to start playing with your cat if they like to watch nature out the window. However, make sure to consult your veterinarian if your cat is not responding to play. Pain is often hidden by cats, and arthritis is a prevalent ailment in them. See whether your cat's lack of interest in playing is due to pain by getting them checked out.

     🐶🐱Dogs are generally easy to understand, which is why we synonym of understand them so well. We can fairly accurately read their body gestures and expressive faces. Cats, on the other hand, are known for their emotional ambiguity and standoffishness.      But there is a growing conviction that cats are as expressive as dogs.All we're doing is misinterpreting or failing to see what they're attempting to say.      Meowing and waving the tail are symbolic of a variety of things to cats. Cats communicate via their purrs, yowls, and even blinks, expressing things like "Hello," "Let's snuggle," or "Get Outta Here."      Experts say there's benefit to pet owners trying to communicates with their frequently distant cats, since the number of them doing so is growing. Due of their strong sense of independence, cats are frequently misinterpreted. This debate seeks to help you understand what some cats are attempting to say by demystifying the mystery around certain types of "talking"—specifically, the eyes. Cat Eyes       Cats use their eyes to speak. You can find out what your cat is interested in by following the path of his gaze. However, looks differ. While some are random, others are intense and targeted. Does your cat want something from you, or is he just irritated when he stares at you without blinking? Either could be accurate. While a tight body posture and fixated gaze could indicate aggression, in a contented, purring cat, the same expression could be one of asking attention, such as caressing.      The position of the eyelids and the dilatation of the eyes frequently dictate what cats say. The messages can be very potent and range from subtle to overt. Although tail talk, ear positions, and fluffed fur frequently reinforce the intent, cats don't need to speak to communicate. 📸The Spruce / Theresa Chiechi Arousal      A cat's pupil may suddenly dilate in response to any extreme emotional stimulation, including fear, wrath, pleasure, or enthusiasm. When your cat is at the vet or when there are loud noises outside, you can notice that her pupils enlarge and seem black. At other occasions, perhaps upon meeting a new cat, her eyes might react in this way. Trusts      Open eyes mixed with relaxed or even submissive body posture can be a sign of high trust. For example, cats that head-butt your cheeks or do the same to a loving dog suggest calm trust, and perhaps even affection. Dominance      Unwavering gaze from a distance can indicate hostility, dominance, or even control in a cat.2 This subtle habit, which can be exploited to manage resource access in multi-cat households, is frequently missed by owners. A single cat can deter and prevent other cats from approaching a "owned" pathway to food bowls, a litter box, or any other significant territory just by giving them this unwavering look. Aggression      A slit-eyed stare communicates extreme emotion—fear or hostility. Squinting also protects eyes from the claws of an opponent. Avoid locking eyes with a cat you don’t know, or you may inspire an attack. Cat Kisses      Try giving your remote pet a "cat kiss" by meeting her drowsy gaze with a relaxed gaze of your own, and slowly "blinking"; if she blinks back, you have been honored with the utmost affection! A calm and trusting cat has droopy, sleepy-looking eyelids.  

     😸People want happy cats, and as worried "cat parents," they frequently wonder if their cat is content. There are several fairly general joyful cat cues, even though each cat is unique and, like people, may express contentment in different ways. Numerous indicators let you know whether your cat is happy. Vocal Clues      🔊In fact, cats can "say" they're glad. Talkative cats engage in lengthy and detailed talks with you. Higher-pitched noises are typically associated with happiness, but lower-pitched sounds may be more demanding and show signs of impatience. Cats that are quiet may use quietness to convey happiness and vocalize more to convey sadness. Yes, it is confusing! But that's precisely why people adore their mysterious cats! Purrs are generally a sign of feline happiness or even bliss, though they aren't always pleased. The "prrrrupttt!" sound that many cats make when they chuckle or trill is a highly reliable indicator of their contentment. Body Language      🤟Numerous eye, ear, fur, and body positions can be used to read if a cat is agitated or content. A happy, satisfied cat, for instance, would lie with its front paws tucked under, ears forward, and possibly its eyelids "sleepy" at half mast. The way she blinks her eyes in response to your glance across the room is a sign of happiness. Eye dilation that occurs suddenly might be interpreted as either arousal-distress or arousal-happiness, for example, in reaction to a full food bowl. Happier cats have smooth fur, relaxed tails, and slightly forward-pointing whiskers. The tail of a happy, engaged cat is held straight up, with only the tip cocked in a "howdy" salutation to humans and other animals the cat regards as pals. Engaged and Confident      🤗A content cat expresses curiosity about its surroundings. Perhaps it is the "supervisor cat" that likes to have his paws into everything new in the house. Or it might just stand back and observe quietly. A happy cat responds cautiously rather than fearfully, even though many cats have an innate mistrust of strangers. Cats with confidence have the highest happiness factor. Play      🐱Kittens that are healthy and socialized play endlessly, as they just don't know any different than to be joyful. Playing is a great way to show that you're happy. Play activity in cats naturally decreases as they become older, but it frequently persists to some extent. Play can take many forms, from merrimentous racing and cat wrestling matches to calm paw-patting of features (or your leg or face for attention) to show that your cat is happy. Cats play with animals (and people) that they enjoy and feel comfortable around. Sleep      😴Although cats tend to sleep more when they're sick or melancholy, their preferred sleeping spots can also be signs of contentment. Cozy relationships with selected nap partners are indicated by sleeping with other cats, and particularly by actively seeking them out. Celebrate if your cat decides to share your bed with you! That implies that your cat has faith in you—doubt, after all, leads to discontent. Grooming      😼Feeling cats maintain a neat appearance. An untidy cat is a signal of disease, injury, or dissatisfaction; however, a well-groomed cat is a sign that it is in good health. Along with shared napping, grooming other cats or licking the owner demonstrates strong relationships and trust. Cats that get along well may even groom one another. But since cats are unique, not all of them have the need to groom other cats. Eating      🐟Cats that are happy eat well. Yes, they might use deception to trick owners into giving them extra food or treats. However, in many respects, this kind of manipulation merely serves as an indicator of how dedicated many cats are to making their owners happy.

   🤔 Cats are naturally curious about plants, as anyone with a green thumb and a cat knows. They'll even chew or consume some plants, like cat grass. Why do cats adore cat grass so much, and what is it exactly?🍃   What Is Cat Grass?     🍃It's possible that some people confuse cat grass with catnip and catmint. However, cat grass is not the same as it sounds. Plants in the mint family include catmint and catnip. Although catmint and catnip are commonly referred to as one and the same, they are actually two different species in the same genus, Nepeta. Cats react less strongly to catmint than to catnip, despite the fact that they may look alike.🍃     🍃Cat grass is a very different matter. If you cultivate cat grass and catnip, you can see this in the way the plants look differently. In actuality, cat grass is the grass of some cereal grains, including rye, wheat, oats, barley, and alfalfa.🍃   Why Do Cats Like Cat Grass?     🍃Though considerable research has been done, the reason cats like to chew on any grass, especially cat grass, is still unknown. It used to be thought that cats would eat grass to help soothe their stomachs when they were sick. But this has been called into question by a study1. When a study of cat owners was conducted, 65% of the cats' weekly eating habits were reported by the respondents. Just 6% of these had an owner who reported them sick prior to them eating the plant, and 37% had frequent vomiting thereafter.Given that 94% of the cats in the poll appeared to be well before consuming any food, this suggests that cats don't genuinely consume plants, including cat grass, to feel better. There is also a theory that cats eat cat grass to aid in the removal of hairballs. Would giving grass to a vomiting cat make it easier for a long-haired cat to cough up a hairball? This idea was examined in the same study that examined if cats might use grass as a stomach settler. However, they discovered that there was no variation in the frequency of vomiting between cats with long hair and those with short hair. 🍃     🍃The theory that eating grass could help regulate and eliminate intestinal parasites is being considered. A study conducted in Belgium examined a variety of wild carnivores, such as different Canidae species, as well as a variety of wildcats, such as lynx, cougars, pumas, and leopards. According to this study, eating grass is a normal behavior for all cats and is not limited to domestic cats alone. Even wild cats have been observed to consume grass.🍃   Where Can You Purchase Cat Grass?     🍃It's actually not too hard to find cat grass. It's available in small trays at pet supply stores, but nurseries are also good places to find it. Keep in mind that cat grass can be sold as "wheat grass," etc., because it can be wheat, barley, alfalfa, or rye. If you want to grow your own cat grass, you can also buy seed packs. Once more, these might be sold as rye, wheat, barley, or alfalfa grass instead of cat grass seeds.🍃   Where Can You Plant Cat Grass?     🍃You can grow cat grass outside in your garden or indoors in a container. If cultivating outside, you have two options: transfer an established cluster of cat grass from a container to the ground or sow the seeds straight into the ground. It is possible to sow the seeds at any time of year if you are growing indoors. The soil should be kept moist and they should be planted 1/4" deep. The seedlings should appear within a week or two. Keep them somewhere they will receive enough of consistent sunlight at this phase. When planting cat grass outside, it should receive full sun and be done in the spring.🍃   Why Is It Better For Cats to Eat Cat Grass Than Regular Grass?    🍃For a few reasons, your cat should chew on cat grass rather than lawn grass. Inadvertent ingestion of pesticides by your cats poses a health concern if you use any for treating your grass. Your cat may also run the risk of consuming parasites and/or coming into contact with fleas and ticks when they nibble on lawn grass. Naturally, this can also be the case if your cat eats anything in your yard, even cat grass. Take clippings from outside plants and give them to your cat after giving them a thorough wash, or bring a tiny bit of cat grass indoors for your cat to nibble on.🍃     🍃Cat grass is healthy for cats to consume, yet the reason why they enjoy it is still unknown. It might be an additional enrichment item in their house.🍃